Recent trends and structure of health spending in OECD countries in the light of economic and public health shocks

Analysis of recent trends in health spending show the two shocks : the economic crisis in 2008 and the recent impact of the COVID 19 in 2020. While OECD economies contracted sharply in 2008 and 2009, the share of health in the economy remained relatively stable. In 2020, with widespread lockdowns and other public health measures severely restricting economic output and consumer spending, many OECD economies went into freefall in 2020. The need to increase health spending, particularly by governments, in response to the pandemic is likely to have led to the fastest growth in OECD health spending in the last 15 years. © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS

Analysis on the Development of Smart Logistics of Agricultural Products under Epidemic Situation

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has not only affected people's normal life, but also brought certain impact on logistics. People's demand for agricultural products suddenly increased in a short time, and agricultural products logistics didn't have time to respond. Many new problems have been exposed, because there are many intermediate links in agricultural products logistics, so on the basis of higher logistics cost, it also increases the problem that logistics cannot guarantee timely supply. In addition, the price of agricultural products is low, and the cost of advanced technology is high, so it is impossible to use modern technology to trace the source of agricultural products. During the epidemic period, because the severity of the epidemic varies from place to place, it is particularly important to trace the source of products;at the same time, due to the sudden outbreak of the epidemic, it also brought challenges to emergency logistics, and the response of emergency logistics in various places was slow. However, the epidemic has brought difficulties to logistics and also created opportunities for the development of smart logistics. In order to avoid human contact, information registration systems have been adopted in various places, and unmanned driving, automatic warehousing, automatic distribution and logistics robots have been put into use, which has promoted the sharing of information by smart logistics using the Internet and the intelligentization of logistics operation process. © 2021 IEEE

Clinical Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Patients with Severe or Critically Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

Rationale: The spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global threat. Optimal treatment for severe COVID-19 pneumonia is extremely urgent. We conducted this study to evaluate the safety, feasibility and effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) intervention in the treatment of patients with severe or critically severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: In this retrospective study, 43 patients with severe or critically severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included and divided into conserved intervention group (C-I group) and advanced intervention group (A-I group) according to the initiation time of PR intervention. The PR intervention includes education, respiratory rehabilitation, physical training, psychological counseling and nutrition management. Oxygenation Index (OI), blood d-dimer level, lymphocyte count and other laboratory findings were recorded. Results: The median age was 54 years (range 21 to 75 years);11 (25.6%) were 65 or older. 24 (55.8%) were male. All patients safely finished a certain course of pulmonary rehabilitation. The OI could increase to moderate level (>300mmHg) during ICU treatment, and the A-I group showed a faster trend. The time of OI increased to moderate level was significantly shorter than that in C-I group (p=0.02). Lymphocytopenia occurred in 35 patients. The time of lymphocytopenia recovery was shorter in A-I group than that in C-I group. 25 patients had elevated blood d-dimer level during ICU stay. Only one DVT case was found in C-I group, no significant differences were found. Discussion: Despite most of the patients with COVID-19 were thought to have a favorable prognosis, older patients and those with chronic underlying conditions may quickly develop severe pneumonia and progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multi-organ failure. An optimal treatment for severe or critically severe COVID-19 pneumonia is in urgent need. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that adopts the PR intervention into the treatment of severe or critically severe COVID-19 pneumonia. With good safety and feasibility, pulmonary rehabilitation intervention can bring benefits in the treatment. The novel pandemic brought the dilemma that most of the countries are facing now. The high contagiousness of COVID-19, extreme shortage of medical staffs and dangerous lack of medical equipment together brought great challenge to the medical system. With the whole devotion of our medical staffs and the whole country, we have now successfully restrained the epidemic in China. Hereby we urgently share our experience and hope it would be of some help to the medical staffs worldwide.

YOLOv3-Slim for Face Mask Recognition

The use of face mask is advised by World Health Organization (WHO) for preventing transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is of great value to solve the multi-task object detection problem of non-wearing mask, wrong way wearing mask and standard wearing mask. In this paper, a network YOLOv3-Slim based on YOLOv3 is implemented. It's faster than YOLOv3. Detection speed increased from 15.67 fps to 16.89 fps. In the mean time, we found the effect of the difference of inner class on the classification ability of the model. The large error of inner class will reduce the accuracy of the model and make the attention mechanism ineffective. So after changing the labels of the third data set, We add ECA module to our network. YOLOv3-Slim is more accurate than YOLOv4 in face mask recognition based on our data set. The mAP increased from 89.45% to 92.50%. © 2021 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.